Hi Technical article: how to maximise return on machine investment.
‘How to maximise return on machine investment’
Despite the significant investment that a new machine represents, the fact that around 70 per cent of machines are purchased un-tooled means that many manufacturers are still missing opportunities to reduce payback times and improve the return on investment (ROI) from their capital outlay. According to Sandvik Coromant, getting machine investment right from the start is the key to reducing payback times.
Automotive standards, covering the design, production, maintenance, and recovery of automobiles of many sorts, provide a measure of uniformity that leads to reliability, interchangeability, and safety, all while still allowing for innovation. With extensive efforts by ISO, ASTM, and SAE, the fields of automotive intelligent transport systems, engine oil, fuel, lubricants, as well as adhesives, sealants, and deadeners are standardized, allowing car manufacturers to design systems that will work with the liquids to be poured into them and the materials applied to them, and for sellers of those products to rely on the car systems their products are meant to be used with to be able to handle it.
Automotive lubricant standards deal with the evaluation of lubricant properties and characteristics for classification and testing purposes, as well as their compatibility with the other components that they will come in contact with, such as oil seal elastomers. Developed by SAE and ASTM, automotive lubricant standards provide a backbone for interoperability between other components and lubricants from different manufacturers.
SAE J 310-2005 (SAE J310-2005):
Automotive Lubricating Greases,
This SAE Recommended Practice was developed by SAE, and the section 'Standard Classification and Specification for Service Greases' cooperatively with ASTM, and NLGI. It is intended to assist those concerned with the design of automotive components, and with the selection and marketing of greases for the lubrication of certain of those components on passenger cars, trucks, and buses. The information contained herein will be helpful in understanding the terms related to properties, designations, and service applications of automotive greases.
ASTM D7038-14:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants,
1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly. 2 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions (1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2 , and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D5662-14:
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Gear Oil Compatibility with Typical Oil Seal Elastomers,
1.1 This test method 2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials. 1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412 , D471 , and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D7603-13:
Standard Test Method for Determination of Storage Stability and Compatibility in Automotive Gear Oils,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of storage stability characteristics and the compatibility of automotive gear lubricants when blended with reference lubricants. The purpose of the test is to determine if performance-enhancing additives separate out under defined conditions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SAE J 1751-1995 (SAE J1751-1995):
Lubrication Components and Systems Used on Machine Tools and equipment for the Automotive Industry,
These recommended practices are applicable for lubricating components and systems supplied on machines and equipment used in the automotive industry; for the purpose of this document, any equipment dispensing lubricant used in manufacturing and/or assembly processes. These practices do not apply to injection lubrication of pneumatic components.
This SAE Standard defines the limits to a classification of automotive gear lubricants in rheological terms only. Other lubricant characteristics are not considered.
ASTM D4950-13:
Standard Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases,
1.1 This specification covers lubricating greases suitable for the periodic relubrication of chassis systems and wheel bearings of passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles. 1.2 This specification defines the requirements used to describe the properties and performance characteristics of chassis greases and wheel bearing greases for service-fill applications. 1.3 The test requirements (acceptance limits) given in this specification are, as the case may be, minimum or maximum acceptable values for valid duplicate test results. Apply no additional corrections for test precision, such as described in Practice D3244, inasmuch as the precision of the test methods was taken into account in the determination of the requirements. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception Test Method D2596 reports test results in kgf units. Until that standard is revised, Classification and Specification D4950 will show kgf units in parentheses after the SI units for information only.
SAE J 2360-2012 (SAE J2360-2012):
Automotive Gear Lubricants for Commercial Military Use,
The gear lubricants covered by this standard exceed American Petroleum Institute (API) Service Classification API GL-5 and are intended for hypoid type, automotive gear units, operating under conditions of high-speed/shock load and lowspeed/ high-torque. These lubricants may be appropriate for other gear applications where the position of the shafts relative to each other and the type of gear flank contact involve a large percentage of sliding contact. Such applications typically require extreme pressure (EP) additives to prevent the adhesion and subsequent tearing away of material from the loaded gear flanks. These lubricants are not appropriate for the lubrication of worm gears.
Automotive engine oil standards primarily deal with standard test methods for the evaluation and determination of engine oils and their properties, and the measurements of their effects on metrics such as fuel economy. Because different engine oils are to be used with different types of engines, and a single engine will be exposed to different usage scenarios, standards for engine oils guide compatibility between engine oils, engines types, and engine fuels.
SAE J 2227-2011 (SAE J2227-2011):
International Tests and Specifications for Automotive Engine Oils,
This SAE Information Report lists engine and laboratory tests for service fill engine oils which are associated with specifications and classifications established outside of North America. These specifications and classifications include those developed prior to January 1, 2010, by international technical societies as well as individual original equipment manufacturers. The information contained within this report applies to engine oils utilized in gasoline and diesel powered automotive vehicles.
ASTM D7589-14:
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine,
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors) 4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi viscosity grade oils used in these applications. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D6837-13:
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIB Spark Ignition Engine,
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight of 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted on a dynamometer test stand using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 4.6-L. It applies to multiviscosity grade oils used in these applications. 1.2 This test method also provides for the running of an abbreviated length test that is referred to as the VIBSJ. The procedure for VIBSJ is identical to the Sequence VIB with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A13 . The procedure modifications listed in Annex A13 refer to the corresponding section of the Sequence VIB test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source supply equipment specifications. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour. In Figs. A2.4, A2.5, and A2.8, inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D6891-14:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine,
1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results. 2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.
ASTM D6984-14a:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine,
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions The values stated in inches for ring gap measurements are to be regarded as standard, and where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
ASTM D7320-14:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine,
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. 1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a IIIGA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), a IIIGVS Test (EOT viscosity increase measurement), or a IIIGB Test (phosphorous retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendixes Appendix X1 , Appendix X2 , and Appendix X3 , respectively. Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.14.1.1 and 7.1 .
ASTM D6709-14:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine),
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of automotive engine oils (SAE grades 0W, 5W, 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and multi-viscosity grades) intended for use in spark-ignition gasoline engines. The test procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine (also referred to as the Sequence VIII test engine in this test method) run on unleaded fuel. An oil is evaluated for its ability to protect the engine and the oil from deterioration under high-temperature and severe service conditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability of multi-viscosity-graded oils. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485. 1.2 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. Furthermore, the results obtained in this test are not necessarily indicative of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine operated under conditions different from those of the test. The test can be used to compare one oil with another. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions The values stated in inch-pounds for certain tube measurements, screw thread specifications, and sole source supply equipment are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are provided throughout this test method.
ASTM D6922-13:
Standard Test Method for Determination of Homogeneity and Miscibility in Automotive Engine Oils,
1.1 This test method covers the determination if an automotive engine oil is homogeneous and will remain so, and if it is miscible with certain standard reference oils after being submitted to a prescribed cycle of temperature changes. This test method is very similar to the homogeneity and miscibility test described in FED STD 791/3470.1 . 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 WARNING Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA s website http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D7216-13:
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers,
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature. 1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil. Note 1 The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method. 1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method. 1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2 ). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method. Note 2 In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree: (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets. Note 3 The TMC may also issue Information Letters on this matter. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM D4742-08e1:
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline Automotive Engine Oils by Thin-Film Oxygen Uptake (TFOUT),
1.1 This test method evaluates the oxidation stability of engine oils for gasoline automotive engines. This test, run at 160 C, utilizes a high pressure reactor pressurized with oxygen along with a metal catalyst package, a fuel catalyst, and water in a partial simulation of the conditions to which an oil may be subjected in a gasoline combustion engine. This test method can be used for engine oils with viscosity in the range from 4 mm 2 /s (cSt) to 21 mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100 C, including re-refined oils. 1.2 This test method is not a substitute for the engine testing of an engine oil in established engine tests, such as Sequence IIID. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception Pressure units are provided in psig, and dimensions are provided in inches in Annex A1, because these are the industry accepted standard and the apparatus is built according to the figures shown. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7 and 8.
ASTM D7484-13a:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine,
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification. 1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1 . 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.
ASTM D6557-13:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils,
1.1 This test method covers a Ball Rust Test (BRT) procedure for evaluating the anti-rust ability of fluid lubricants. The procedure is particularly suitable for the evaluation of automotive engine oils under low-temperature, acidic service conditions. 1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) 2 to update this test method. Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the center. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions Where there is no direct equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.1.1- 7.1.3 and 8.2.1.1 .
ASTM D6593-14a:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions,
1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test, 2 and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation. 3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7 , 7.10.2.2 , 8.3.4.2 , 8.4.4.3 , 9.2.6 , 9.3.4.5 , 12.1.1.7 , 12.2.1.4 , and Annex A1 .
ASTM D6894-13:
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine,
1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate an engine oil s resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly referred to as the Engine Oil Aeration Test (EOAT). The test is conducted using a specified 7.3 L, direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engine on a dynamometer test stand. This test method was developed as a replacement for Test Method D892 after it was determined that this bench test did not correlate with oil aeration in actual service. The EOAT was first included in API Service Category CG-4 in 1995. Note 1 Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception Where there is no direct SI equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Automotive standards for adhesives, sealers, and deadeners provide a range of test methods for determining properties such as the temperature at which an adhesive softens to the point at which it can no longer support a given load, or more specific to a particular usage scenario, the metal to metal overlap shear strength. Combined with other peel and shear tests, and standards for adhesive compatibility and selection, automotive standards from SAE for adhesives, sealers, and deadeners provide an excellent guide.
SAE J 1523-2012 (SAE J1523-2012):
Metal to Metal Overlap Shear Strength Test for Automotive Type Adhesives,
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining shear strengths of adhesives used for bonding automotive oil metal substrates.
SAE J 1524-1995 (SAE J1524-1995):
Method of Viscosity Test for Automotive Type Adhesives, sealers, and deadeners,
This SAE Recommended Practice contains a series of test methods for use in measuring the viscosity of automotive-type adhesives, sealers, and deadeners. The test methods which are contained in this document are as follows: Brookfield Method; Castor-Severs Rheometer or pressure Flowmeter; Penetrometer, Capillary Rheometer and Plate rheometers.
SAE J 1525-1985 (SAE J1525-1985):
Lap Shear Test for Automotive Type Adhesives for Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) Bonding,
This SAE Recommended Practice describes a lap shear test method for use in measuring the bonding characteristics of automotive-type adhesives for joining fiber reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals.
SAE J 1529-1986 (SAE J1529-1986):
Overlap Shear Test for Automotive Type Sealant for Stationary glass bonding,
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of glass to metal lap shears for determining shear strength of sealant adhesives for automotive stationary glass bonding. This procedure can also be used for fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) when used in place of metal.
SAE J 1553-1995 (SAE J1553-1995):
Cross Peel Test for Automotive-Type Adhesives for Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) Bonding,
This SAE Recommended Practice describes a cross peel test method for use in measuring the bonding characteristics of automotive-type adhesives for joining fiber-reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals.
SAE J 1800-2013 (SAE J1800-2013):
Method for Evaluating the Paintable Characteristics of Automotive Sealers (Stabilized: Jul 2013),
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for testing and evaluating the paintable characteristics of automotive sealers. this document contains three samples preparation procedures: Method 1 - topcoat over cured primer and cured sealer; Method 2 - topcoat over cured sealer; and Method 3 - topcoat over uncured sealer. This SAE test specification is to be used as a method for evaluating the performance of automotive primers and/or topcoats when applied over "cured" or "uncured" sealers. This specification includes a list of the needed test equipment, application and baking parameters, and a glossary of terms describing undesirable characteristics that should be noted by the tester. This specification covers the performance and quality of an automotive topcoat when applied over a sealer, along with the integrity of bond between the paint and sealer. It does not cover sealer performance characteristics, such as sealer to substrate bonding, nor does it include a procedure governing the actual spraying of the topcoat.
SAE J 1836-1988 (SAE J1836-1988):
Overlap Shear Test for Sealant Adhesive Bonding of Automotive glass encapsulating Material to Body Opening,
This recommended practice defines a procedure for the construction of a lap shear specimen for the purpose of testing the bondability of an automotive sealant adhesive to the elastomeric material used in automotive encapsulating. The present practice of encapsulating automotive glass is described as molding elastomeric material onto the outer edge of the glass using thermoplastic or thermosetting material that quickly sets in the mold. The glass is removed from the mold with the cured elastomeric material bonded to the perimeter of the glass. This encapsulated glass module can now be bonded with a sealant adhesive into the body opening of a vehicle.
SAE J 1864-1996 (SAE J1864-1996):
Method for Evaluating Material Separation in Automotive sealers Under Pressure in Static Conditions,
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for measuring pressure- induced separation in automotive sealers and determining the likelihood of equipment failure due to this separation, also known as 'caking.'
SAE J 1907-1988 (SAE J1907-1988):
Peel Adhesion Test for Glass to Elastomeric Material for automotive glass Encapsulation,
This recommended practice defines a procedure for the construction and testing of a 180 deg peel specimen for the purpose of determining the bondability of glass to elastomeric material in automotive modular glass. This test method suggests that elastomeric material of less than 172 MPa modulus be used as the encapsulating material. The present practice of encapsulating automotive glass is described as molded-in-place elastomeric material onto the outer edge of the glass using thermoplastic or thermosetting material that quickly sets in the mold. The glass is removed from the mold with the cured elastomeric material bonded to the perimeter of the glass. This encapsulated glass module can now be bonded with a sealant adhesive into the body opening of a vehicle.
SAE J 1918-2002 (SAE J1918-2002):
Method for the Determination of Expansion and Water absorption of automotive Sealers,
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth methods for determining total expansion gravimetrically and volumetrically, calculating vertical expansion and measuring the water absorption of cut and uncut sealer beads.
SAE J 1969-1988 (SAE J1969-1988):
Electrocoat Compatibilities of Automotive Sealers,
This SAE Recommended Practice sets forth a method for determining the compatibility of automotive sealers with cathodic electrocoat primer. This practice sets forth two methods for evaluating what effect, if any, an automotive sealer has on an electrocoat primer bath or the resulting baked primer coating, or both. Method #1 determines if a sealer's passage through the bath will 'leach out' any material, from the sealer, that will then produce coating irregularities. Method #2 determines if a bath contaminated with sealer debris, 0.1% by weight, will have any effect on parts processed subsequent to the contamination
SAE J 243-1971 (SAE J243-1971):
Methods of Tests for Automotive-Type Sealers, Adhesives, and deadeners,
This SAE Recommended Practice contains a series of test methods for use in measuring characteristics of automotive- type sealers, adhesives, and deadeners. The test methods which are contained in this document are as follows: ADS-1--Methods of Determining Viscosity ADS-2--Low temperature Tests ADS-3--Weld-Through Tests ADS-4--Enamel, lacquer, and fabric Staining Test ADS-5--Wash-Off Resistance Test aDS-7--Solids Test aDS-8--Flash Point Test ADS-9--Sag and Bridging Tests ADS-10-Flow test the intent of this document is to provide a series of test methods which can be used in testing the various qualities of sealers, adhesives, and deadener material. In later revisions of this document, attempts will be made to reduce the number of tests now presented. The specific temperatures and times at which some of these tests are to be conducted are not dictated in these test procedures, but they will be found in the material standards which govern each type of material to be tested.
SAE J 1573-2011 (SAE J1573-2011):
OEM Plastic Parts Repair,
This SAE Recommended Practice defines the information required to repair the various types of plastics found on modern light-duty highway vehicles. Information is included for the repair and refinishing of most plastic body parts, both interior and exterior. Repair information is described for all commonly used plastics including, but not limited to, polyurethanes, polycarbonate blends, modified polypropylenes, polyethylenes, and nylons. Repairs can be made to these types of plastics using two-part (2K) repair adhesives, plastic welding, and other materials available from body shop suppliers. When a new type of plastic is being introduced to the market through a new vehicle program, specific repair and refinishing procedures should be provided, following the format in this document. Sheet molded compounds (SMC), fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics can also be repaired using slightly different procedures and repair materials.
SAE J 1679-1994 (SAE J1679-1994):
Peel Strength of Soft Trim Adhesives,
This SAE Recommended Practice shall be used to determine the peel strength achieved by an adhesive when used to bond various decorative, flexible substrates such as cloth supported vinyl or carpet, to rigid (steel), semi-rigid (SMC plastic), or other similar substrates.
SAE J 1700-1994 (SAE J1700-1994):
Softening Point of Interior Trim Adhesives,
This SAE Recommended Practice shall be used to determine the temperature at which an adhesive softens to the point at which it no longer can support a given load.
SAE J 1851-1987 (SAE J1851-1987):
Induction Cure Test for Metal Bonding Adhesives,
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining the adhesion strength characteristics of heat-cured metal bonding adhesives subjected to induction heating.
SAE J 1863-1993 (SAE J1863-1993):
Coach Joint Fracture Test,
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a procedure for determining the cleavage strength of an adhesive used for bonding automotive oily metal substrates.
SAE J 2215-1991 (SAE J2215-1991):
Surface Match Verification Method for Pressure Sensitive adhesively attached Components,
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to evaluation of the conformance match condition existing between two surfaces. evaluation of this conformance may be especially useful in bonded applications although it may also have relevance to bolted adjacent surface conditions. Since good bonding surface conformity is necessary for providing optimal bond performance with pressure sensitive adhesives, the purpose of this document is to provide a method of evaluating the conformance match of the mating surfaces. This document is intended as a guide toward standard practice, but may be subject to frequent change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. This should be kept in mind when considering the use of this document. Tool types, materials, application tools, and component contact area evaluation methods are included as part of this document. In most cases a visual evaluation of contact performance may be satisfactory; however, for greater accuracy a measurement tool may be used. When reporting a contact value the mode of evaluation (e.g., visual, measurement tool) should be indicated.
SAE J 2375-1997 (SAE J2375-1997):
The Selection of Adhesives for the Attachment of Exterior Aftermarket Accessories,
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a mechanism for the proper surface preparation and selection of adhesive for the attachment of exterior aftermarket accessories. To provide the aftermarket with guidelines for the selection of adhesives to attach various aftermarket components to the exterior of the automobile body. Covered in this document is also the proper preparation of the surfaces to be adhered. This document will find application in the body repair shop, body customizing shop, car dealer preparation department, and the do-it- yourself enthusiast.
SAE J 2694-2009 (SAE J2694-2009):
Anti-Noise Brake Pads Shims: T-pull Test,
This recommended practice covers the attachment of bonded anti-noise brake pad shims only. Mechanically attached shims (those without bonding) are not covered by this procedure. To measure the strength of the adhesive bond for the attachment of anti-noise shims to disc brake pads or a test specimen to a standard steel plate. Its primary use is as a quality tool.
SAE J 473-1962 (SAE J473-1962):
Solders,
The choice of the type and grade of solder for any specific purpose depend on the materials to be joined and the method of applying. Those with higher amounts of tin usually wet and bond more readily and have a narrower semi-molten range than lower amounts of tin. For strictly economic reasons, it is recommended that the grade of solder metal be selected that contains least amount of tin required to give suitable flowing and adhesive qualities for application.
SAE J 836-1970 (SAE J836-1970):
Automotive Metallurgical Joining,
This report is an abbreviated summary of metallurgical joining by welding, brazing, and soldering. It is generally intended to reflect current usage in the automotive industry; however, it does include some of the more recently developed processes. More comprehensive coverage of materials, processing details, and equipment required may be found in the welding Handbook, Soldering Manual, and other publications of the american Welding Society for Testing and Materials. AWS automotive welding Committee publications on Recommended Practices are particularly recommended for the design or product engineer. This report is not intended to cover mechanical joining such as rivets or screw fasteners, or chemical joining processes such as adhesive joining.
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