Showing posts with label steel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label steel. Show all posts

31 Oct 2014

Hi Latest Introduced Industry Standard 2014 Today!

Hi Latest Introduced Industry Standard 2014 Today! 

ASTM A568/A568M:
This specification covers the general requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. 
It applies to the existing specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet.
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Description / Abstract:
This specification covers the general requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. It applies to the following specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet: Specifications A414/A414M, A424, A606, A659/A659M, A794, A1008/A1008M, A1011/ A1011M, and A1039/A1039M. 

This specification is not applicable to hot-rolled heavy-thickness carbon sheet coils (Specification A635/A635M). 

In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual material specification shall prevail over those of this general specification. 

For the purposes of determining conformance with this and the appropriate product specification referenced in 1.1, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. 

Annex A1 lists permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI [metric] units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to Annex A1 is mandatory when the "M" specification is used. 

NOTE 1—The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass. 

The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 

This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
 

29 Sept 2014

HI Subsidies and the Construction Industry!.

HI Subsidies and the Construction Industry!.

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The file looks at the Cement and Steel Industry in Egypt in 2012, and how subsidies affect the sector as a whole.
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14 Mar 2014

Hi Months Reading Delivery. With Hi Technical Contextual Information.

Hi Months Reading Delivery.
Hi Technical Contextual Information.

Hi Bearing & Bushings Technical Review. 

The Content Below Briefly Examine The Following Highlighted Issue:
Examine Your Content!.
Find Your Hi Product Worth & Receive Your Service Value.

Read & Visit Hi Blogs Technical Data Publications With Posts To All Our Hi E Community Blogs & Pages. 

1 - "What is a Thin Section Bearing and How Does it Reduce Cost?."

Thin section bearings are a family of bearings designed from a limited number of widths and thicknesses (cross sections), with each cross section manufactured in a wide range of bore diameters.

 Most radial ball bearings are designed so that as the bore size increases, the width and the thickness of the bearing change proportionately. In the case of thin section bearings the cross section remains the same as the bore diameter increases. 
The thin section bearing family is made up of 12 primary cross section sets ranging from 3/16" to 1" and with bore sizes ranging from 1" to over 40". 
The combination of a large bore diameter in proportion to the small cross section makes these parts appear "thin" in comparison to standard ball bearings. Thin section bearings are made from 52100 chrome steel and 440C stainless steel.
"Thin section bearings help reduce total cost in a system by allowing for design efficiency over standard bearing sizes."
 They can also be coated with platings like thin dense chrome. Some sizes can be configured with seals or shields. Thin section bearings are also made in one of three different contact styles; radial contact, angular contact, and four point contact. These options, along with several ball and retainer types make for a diverse range of parts even among the limited cross sections of the thin section bearing family.
Thin section bearings help reduce total cost in a system by allowing for design efficiency over standard bearing sizes. As thin section bearings have cross sections that don't change as bore sizes increase, there needs to be no change in the space requirements, and little change in the weight of the bearing, even as the diameter of an application increases. 
Especially in the case of medical equipment, airborne optical and infrared scanning equipment, and robotics, the space and weight requirements of a system are major factors in the overall design and manufacturing cost. 
In many cases, the price of a thin section bearing is higher than a standard bearing with a similar bore size, but application and design savings due to reduced space and lower weight decrease the total cost in the application.

2 - "Thin Section Bearings - Why are there 3 different types?"

Thin precision thin section bearings are used in numerous exotic and high tech applications. 
These Provide precision and performance in applications such as robotics, aerospace, machine tools, semiconductor manufacturing and medical equipment. Applications requiring thin profiles are ideal for thin section bearings. 


They are available in bore sizes from 1” to 36” with cross sections from 3/16 to 1”. Stainless steel and sealed versions are also available to meet specific application requirements. 
A Sample Of Thin bearings are manufactured in three different types for explanation purposes & understanding other manufacturers may wish a different format to their bearings & selection.

The C-Type - Is a “Radial Contact” type of conventional bearing design. It has a single row of balls which allows for Conrad-type assembly. 
The C-Type is most commonly used among the three thin section types. Although the radial type is used primarily in applications with radial loads, it can withstand moderate axial and reversing loads as well as moment loads.
The A-Type - Is an “Angular Contact” type bearing with a reduced shoulder on one side of the inner or outer race ball path. 
These bearings accept radial loads and single direction thrust loads. 
The A-Type requires an application of thrust to establish the appropriate race and ball contact angle. 
These bearings are commonly used in pairs for applications requiring axial loads in one direction or for reversing axial loads. 
They provide the appropriate stability, load capacity and repeatability needed in applications requiring higher speeds than the C-Type.
The X-Type - Is a “4-Point Contact” bearing used where a high level of rigidity is required. 
This bearing can accept radial and thrust loads in either direction. 
They are also extremely effective with high moment loads. 
X-Type bearings are designed with gothic raceways creating 4 contact points between each ball and the raceway. 
Preloading will provide for additional precision and rigidity of movement. 
X-Type bearings may be able to replace two thin section bearings in many applications.
Thin section bearings are specified in areas requiring design efficiency, high precision and minimal space. 
Creating space and saving weight are also two key considerations when selecting thin section bearings.

3 - "Don't forget to consider moment loads when specifying thin section bearings."

What is a moment load?A moment load is a tilting load that attempts to rotate the rings of a rolling element bearing in a rotational manner perpendicular to the designed rotational axis. 

Single ball bearings aren't usually designed to handle moment loads, but Silverthin offers engineered solutions for space and weight limited applications.



To further explain, a moment load may also be thought of as a "torque". 

A "moment", or "torque", is a force (or load) acting at a specified distance from a specified point.
 For example, when you tighten a bolt using a wrench, the resulting "moment" is the product of the amount of actual force you exert on the wrench multiplied by the distance from the center of the bolt to the position of your hand on the wrench. 
In the case of a bearing, a moment load is a multiple of the distance from the center of the bearing and the force acting on an arm.
Most designers are familiar with bearing applications having multiple bearings (2 or more) that work together to accommodate the loading in the system. 
The resulting bearing loads in these cases are typically analyzed as radial or thrust loads when evaluating the bearing system. 
However, by only having a single bearing, any radial load in a system acting anywhere other than at the center of the bearing ball path will generate a moment load. 
Some Thin manufacturers offer bearings from stock that are specifically designed for applications with significant moment loads, where there are space, weight and cost saving benefits of using a single bearing. 
These are unique and specially designed single row, thin-section ball bearings where the internal geometry of the race is reminiscent of a gothic arch, also known as an "X-Type" design.

When only one bearing is in a system, as is also the case in many slewing ring bearing applications, any load can generate significant moment load. 
Large moment loads often occur when an apparatus extends from a platform with a slewing ring or thin section bearing at its base.
 A simple example might be that of a robotic arm extending a few feet from a stationary base to pick a heavy object and turn it. 
The thin-section or slewing ring bearing at the base of the arm connecting it to the platform experiences a moment load.
When a bearing is constantly or intermittently loaded, it should be engineered to handle the life requirements of the application.
 It is important to identify as much of the potential loading that a bearing system could face at the design stage in order assure the complete system will meet its users' service requirements. 


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