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Hi Latest Introduced Industry Standard 2014 Today!

Hi Latest Introduced Industry Standard 2014 Today! 

ASTM A568/A568M:

This specification covers the general requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. 

It applies to the existing specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet.

Description / Abstract:

This specification covers the general requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. It applies to the following specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet: Specifications A414/A414M, A424, A606, A659/A659M, A794, A1008/A1008M, A1011/ A1011M, and A1039/A1039M.  This specification is not applicable to hot-rolled heavy-thickness carbon sheet coils (Specification A635/A635M).  In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the individual material specification shall prevail over those of this general specification.  For the purposes of determining conformance with this and the appropriate product specification referenced in 1.1, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  Annex A1 lists permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI [metric] units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to Annex A1 is mandatory when the "M" specification is used.  NOTE 1—The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.  The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.

Hi Understanding the basics of amorphous-iron motors!.

Hi Understanding the basics of amorphous-iron motors!.

Understanding the basics of amorphous-iron motors;

' Motors made with amorphous iron have a niche in jobs calling for high-frequency operation and energy efficiency.

Most engineers think amorphous iron is an exotic material that is hard to come by. But the interest level in this metal is rising because its magnetic properties can promote energy efficiency in electrical machinery and power distribution equipment. So it is timely to review the properties of amorphous iron that make it useful as a component in electrical equipment.

Despite what many engineers think, amorphous iron is actually made in large quantities. Two firms now supply the entire world’s amorphous iron: Metglas in Conway, S.C., and Tokyo (a division of Hitachi Metals), and Advanced Technology & Materials Co. Ltd.(AT&M) in China. About 100,000 tons of amorphous iron is produced annually, with Hitachi Metals supplying the vast majority.

Typical amorphous iron is an alloy of iron with boron and silicon. Amorphous iron comes from these suppliers in the form of a thin (25-microns thick) ribbon or foil. This form factor arises directly from the process used to manufacture the iron:  Molten iron drips onto a wheel comprised of pure molybdenum. The molybdenum wheel is kept at a controlled temperature so iron hitting the wheel quenches quickly. The molten iron temperature drops at a rate of about 1 million°C/sec. This extra-fast quench freezes the iron molecules before they have a chance to form crystals, resulting in an amorphous structure that is much less orderly than that of crystalline iron.

Environmental Value Creation; Hitachi Metals;

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The amorphous iron harvested from the molybdenum wheel is necessarily thin. At thickness's exceeding about 25 microns, the temperature doesn't drop as quickly for the internal iron molecules. These internal molecules would have time to form crystals so the resulting metal would lose its uniform amorphous quality.

The disorderly structure of the amorphous iron lets it respond to changes in magnetic fields more readily than is the case for ordinary crystalline iron. The magnetic field change also causes eddy currents in the iron that are an additional source of loss, and the super thin nature of the amorphous iron limits these as well. Thus amorphous iron exhibits much less power loss, typically measured in units of Watts-per-pound or Watts-per-kilogram, for a given magnetic field strength than does crystalline iron.