Hi Cat makes a big impact with its hybrid excavator!.

Hi Cat makes a big impact with its hybrid excavator!.

Hybrid technology for most people conjures up visions of fuel-efficient cars with conventional gasoline power supplemented by electrical power. For those of us involved in the fluid-power industry, however, hybrid usually means hydraulic, where accumulators — not batteries — store energy. That’s the case for Caterpillar’s 336E H hybrid excavator.

The hybrid option adds about 9% to the cost of a conventional 336E. That’s a substantial amount, but smart buyers will realize that they will quickly recover an even more substantial amount in fuel savings. In general, the payback period is about 2,000 hr of operation. Furthermore, the hydraulic hybrid drive carries a much lower price add-on than an electric hybrid drive would. That’s because the hydraulic version doesn’t carry the high price tag associated with electrical generators, motors cabling, and other components required for electric hybrids.

The 336E H captures and reuses energy in its swing drive, which holds high potential for saving energy. In a typical scenario, an excavator digs earth from the ground, raises it, then swings about 90° to dump the material. So by storing braking energy in accumulators at the end of each dig-and-dump operation, the swing drive can recycle most this energy for acceleration at the beginning of each cycle.

Using recycled hydraulic energy means less mechanical energy is needed from the engine. This lightens the load on the engine, which conserves fuel. Caterpillar officials estimate that the 336E H may consume 25% less fuel than its conventional counterpart, and 50% less fuel than a 336D Series.

Hybrid drive swings into action:

The heart of the Cat hybrid system is an axial-piston hydraulic pump. It features electronic variable-displacement control and is the same used in other Cat machines, just repurposed for the excavator. Electronic controls monitor engine speed and automatically adjust pump displacement so that pressure and flow closely match demand.

Controlling fluid directional control is Caterpillar’s Adaptive Control System (ACS) valve. The ACS valve provides independent control of multiple functions by managing inlet and outlet flow restrictions to and from each circuit of the machine to maximize performance.

No additional valves are necessary for

flow regeneration of the boom, stick or bucket cylinders.

Fuel savings mean quick ROI:

Some other “hybrid” excavators use an electric motor in the swing drive and store power in batteries. These systems carry a high initial cost and provide less fuel savings than Cat’s hydraulic hybrid. Plus, the 336E H also recycles energy from boom, stick, and bucket cylinders. These cylinders are sized with bores and strokes of 5.9 × 56.7 in., 6.7 × 68.4 in., and 5.9 × 45.3 in., respectively. Their combined volumes provide a substantial opportunity to store energy when cylinders retract and recycle it when cylinders extend.

One goal of this equipment program, of course, is fuel savings, which comes partially from recycling much of the swing and braking energy. However, substantial fuel conservation can also be attributed to the ACS valve, which allows a lower operating speed of the C9 engine — 1,800 rpm instead of 1,500. The lower speed also helps reduce the noise level of the machine but without sacrificing performance, thanks to the ACS valve. The swing and digging speeds were all kept the same as the 336D and E Series.

More hybrids on the horizon:

Caterpillar already plans to offer hydraulic hybrid versions of its 336F and 336D Series. They say larger excavators and wheel loaders can also benefit from the technology. However, incorporating the technology into smaller machines would not offer as fast of a return on investment. Therefore, no immediate plans exist for hydraulic hybrids in smaller machines.

According to Ken Gray, global product manager for Caterpillar’s large hydraulic excavator, ROI is what’s going to make the technology attractive to contractors. He said contractor focus groups consistently communicated to him that they are most interested in reliability and productivity, not their carbon footprint. They also made it clear that they didn’t want a seven-year payback period or a technology that was complicated and expensive to maintain.

Gray explained that this information is what drove the program. Caterpillar R&D had started developing electric hybrids but still kept hydraulic hybrid development moving on a parallel path. However, the performance, price, and familiarity of the hydraulic system won out over electric hybrid.

This result emphasizes the fact that even though hydraulics is considered a mature technology, it continues to evolve by incorporating the latest in electronics, design concepts, and, especially, new ways of reapplying established principles.

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HiWind economics more compelling than eve.

HiWind economics more compelling than eve.

Wind power, not shale gas, was the biggest single cause of the fall in US carbon emissions from coal use. The European Union also highlights why wind is becoming an increasingly smarter energy option over “cheaper” sources.

By Katherine Steiner-Dicks

The findings, based on figures by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), contradict the established narrative that touted shale gas as the biggest single factor in bringing down US emissions in recent years, says Greenpeace.

The new analysis, which was published in part by Greenpeace and Energydesk, comes in the wake of a major international study recently published illustrating a global shale boom will not reduce emissions, and may lead to an increase in emissions of up to 11 per cent by 2050.

The US shale industry has been widely credited for reducing the country’s reliance on coal and slashing carbon pollution from the power sector. But research by Greenpeace energy and climate analyst Lauri Myllyvirta suggests that shale gas played a much smaller role than previously thought.

Between 2007 and 2013 the US saw the largest fall in coal usage ever experienced by any country, with renewables, energy efficiency and shale gas together picking up the slack. Switching away from coal led to lower emissions from the power sector, which has largely been attributed to fracking.

Surge in renewable:

The Energydesk analysis shows instead that most of the power vacuum left by coal (56%) was filled by a big surge in renewables and efficiency over the same period, with the rest being covered by gas-fired generation.

But a closer look shows that the reduction of CO2 emissions that the contribution of fracking is overshadowed by that of clean technologies and efficiency measures. Of the 16 per cent fall in US carbon emissions since 2007, only around a third (30%) came from switching from coal to gas, for the simple reason that natural gas still emits CO2.

By contrast, 40 per cent came from the switch from coal to renewables and the remaining 30 per cent from improved efficiency. Increased generation from wind power plants alone was responsible for 32 per cent of the drop - a slightly larger contribution than that made by gas, according to the reports.

The Greenpeace analysis only looks at emissions from burning the fuel to generate electricity and does not take account for the methane leakage from shale gas, which would further diminish shale gas’ contribution to emissions reduction, according to media reports.

A recent analysis by Bernstein research suggests US coal use will fall by a further 25 per cent by 2020, again partially driven by renewables growth.

The steady decrease of US emissions, however, has been reversed in these last 18 months following a price-driven increase in coal burn, and also a resurgence in crude oil production (up 31% in last two years). But with a significant number of coal plants due to retire in 2015, this return to rising emissions may turn out to be short-lived.

Fracking v. clean energy:

Commenting on the findings, Greenpeace energy analyst Lauri Myllyvirta said: “The supposed climate benefits of fracking have been a big selling point for the shale lobby, but this myth has now been cut down to size by compelling new evidence.

“Our analysis shows that it was the clean tech boom, not the fracking rush, that slashed the bulk of carbon emissions from the US power sector. And this even before considering the impact of fugitive methane emissions, one the most dangerous greenhouse gases on the planet.

“Ahead of a crunch year for global negotiations on a new climate deal, all the evidence points to clean technologies and smarter energy use as the most effective solutions to tackle climate change. Our political leaders will do well to remember this.” 

Wind: comparatively a lower cost energy:

Separate analysis reports are also highlighting how wind energy is one of the lowest cost options for reducing carbon emissions, but some have attempted to take another analysis out of context to argue that this is not the case, said a news brief by the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA).

The recent positive news about wind energy includes a from Wall Street investment firm Lazard, which confirms that wind energy’s recent cost declines have made it the lowest cost option for reducing emissions.

In fact, said the AWEA report, Lazard’s results indicate that wind’s cost is lower than all other new generation options, making wind a win-win for consumers and the environment by giving wind a negative cost of reducing emissions. Additional positive news comes from a draft EU report (source: The Guardian) that shows that wind is the lowest cost energy source once the public health and environmental costs of other energy sources are accounted for.

A recent report from the U.S. Department of Energy confirms that wind’s costs, as reflected in signed utility wind purchase contracts, have fallen by more than half over the last five years. Moreover, the report finds that over the life of a project, wind is by far the lowest cost option once expected increases in the price of fossil fuels are taken into account.

“Undeterred by these findings, some have misrepresented a rough estimate prepared by the Midwest grid operator (MISO) of the potential costs of complying with EPA’s pending Clean Power Plan to limit emissions of carbon dioxide from existing power plants,” said AWEA.

“Some anti-wind groups have taken the results out of context, ignoring important caveats in the draft in an effort to attack wind energy. MISO has acknowledged the limitations of its initial analysis and has stopped presenting those results because others have taken the numbers out of context, but that has not stopped some anti-wind groups from continuing to misrepresent the results.”

As a result, AWEA has expressed that it is “compelled to set the record straight” by correcting the cost estimate to account for a number of critical limitations in the estimation method, including several that MISO has acknowledged have a significant impact on the estimate.

“These corrections bring wind’s calculated cost of emissions reductions down by a factor of 5 from the initial estimate. MISO has not yet released the full details of its methodology, so there would likely be additional corrections to the estimate if those details were known,” said AWEA.

The fact that utilities in MISO are signing wind purchase contracts at costs below the cost of competing generation proves that wind actually has a very low or even negative cost of reducing emissions, the AWEA has expressed.

Price stability:

Moreover, expected increases and volatility in the price of competing fuels make it even clearer that wind energy is the lowest cost generation option for reducing emissions in the long term, as shown in the chart below from DOE’s report.

President and CEO of Xcel Energy’s Northern States Power David Sparby is seeing the cost competitiveness of wind compared to other energy sources.

When he announced 600 MW of new wind purchase contracts by explaining that “Wind prices are extremely competitive right now, offering lower costs than other possible resources, like natural gas plants. These projects offer a great hedge against rising and often volatile fuel prices.”

According to MidAmerican Energy, the investor-owned utility controlled by Warren Buffett, its plans for a 1,050 MW wind farm in Iowa has its customer benefits: “The expansion is planned to be built at no net cost to the company’s customers and will help stabilize electric rates over the long term by providing a rate reduction totalling $10m per year by 2017, commencing with a $3.3m reduction in 2015.”

Europe wind sector sees steady investor 

appetite:

The total cost of energy production, which factors in externalities such as air quality, climate change and human toxicity among others, shows that coal is more expensive than the highest retail electricity price in the EU. A recent EU report puts the figure of external costs of the EU's energy mix in 2012 at between EUR150bn and EUR310bn.

Justin Wilkes, deputy chief executive officer of the European Wind Energy Association has said that renewables are regularly denigrated for being too expensive and a drain on the taxpayer. “Not only does the Commission's report show the alarming cost of coal but it also presents onshore wind as both cheaper and more environmentally-friendly," said Wilkes.

Onshore and offshore wind technologies also have room for significant cost reduction. Coal on the other hand is a fully mature technology and is unlikely to reduce costs any further.

Wilkes added: "We are heavily subsidising the dirtiest form of electricity generation while proponents use coal’s supposed affordability as a justification for its continued use. The irony is that coal is the most expensive form of energy in the European Union. This report shows that we should use the 2030 climate and energy package as a foundation for increasing the use of wind energy in Europe to improve our competitiveness, security and environment."

Investors agree:

Glennmont Partners, one of Europe’s largest fund managers focusing exclusively on investment in clean energy infrastructure, has signed an acquisition agreement with Sorgenia to build two wind farms in one of the strongest wind resource locations in France.

The acquisition comprises of two wind farm sites of 16 MW and 6 MW located in the Haute Normandie and Nord Pas de Calais regions in France respectively. The sites are located in one of the strongest wind resource areas of the country.

The two projects are ready to be built, having obtained all building permits and secured all land leases for 40 years. Power Purchase Agreements with EDF have been signed for both projects, which will benefit from the French Feed-In Tariff for 15 years.

“Long term, non-recourse project financing to fund the construction and operations of the wind farms has also been signed with leading lenders,” said the clean energy investor.

Currently the fund is managing in excess of 115MW of onshore wind farms in France, Ireland and the UK.

Francesco Cacciabue, Partner and Chief Financial Officer of Glennmont, said: “The 22 MW portfolio of new projects is a highly attractive investment opportunity. This investment complements our existing portfolio of wind and solar in France and offers investors access to substantial and visible returns, in line with our investment philosophy.”

“This is the first deal we have announced since closing our fully subscribed second fund last month. We have a strong pipeline of opportunities and we will continue to build on our momentum with other new investments in the coming months,” he added.

Partnering to expand:

Partnering in the renewable energy industry is also taking place in Europe. For example, Juwi, a renewable energy project developer based in Wörrstadt, Germany has a new partner: Mannheim-based MVV , which has agreed to acquire a 50.1 percent majority shareholding interest in juwi AG via a capital increase.

The transaction is expected to close no later than December 31, 2014. The two companies agreed to keep the financial and organizational details of the transaction confidential.

For juwi, the new strategic partnership is an important milestone that will strengthen and enhance its core business of project development, construction and operations & maintenance.

Listed energy player MVV Energie AG, which has annual revenues in the region of EUR4bn plans to further expand its commitment in the renewable energy sector through this new investment.

For Fred Jung and Matthias Willenbacher, the co-founders of juwi, the transaction represents a major building block for sustainable growth in the juwi Group: “We are delighted to be teaming up with Mannheim-based MVV Energie AG, which is already extremely active in the field of renewable energies and is now interested in the sustainable and strategic expansion of this commitment together with us.”

For MVV Energie AG, the partnership with juwi represents the systematic evolution of its strategic orientation: “The ongoing transformation of energy supply structures in Germany centers on an efficient and environmentally-friendly combination of renewable and conventional energies as pillars in the energy system of the future”, said Dr. Georg Müller, Chief Executive of MVV.

Stephan Hansen, the juwi Executive Board member responsible for international business said that outside of Europe demand for wind energy remains strong: “In a global context there is enormous potential for the efficient use of renewable energy, particularly wind and solar energy. In light of our outstanding accomplishments as a project development and EPC partner on almost every continent we want to harness these opportunities and continuously expand our international business.”

Apart from the new partner, the stable and profitable core business in Germany is helping the juwi Group with realignment. By the end of September, juwi had already realised over twenty wind projects this year throughout Germany with a total capacity of approximately 200 megawatt.

The company has also reported that several other projects with a total capacity of nearly 100 megawatt are currently at the construction stage leading to the conclusion that wind power is still in demand and showing that its cost effectiveness is increasingly matching its equally attractive low carbon status.

Hi Salting The Earth: New Molten Salt Reactor Looks For Commercial Success.

Hi Salting The Earth: New Molten Salt Reactor Looks For Commercial Success.

Nuclear power has always been a delicate subject, and recent contamination issues such as those in Fukushima have put “traditional” nuclear power under the microscope again.

Thankfully, there’s an alternative: salt. Not the shaker kind or the sea variety, but molten uranium or thorium suspended in liquid and used to generate anywhere from 29 to 290 megawatts of electricity.

This isn’t a new technology, but new iterations have real potential in an evolving power market. The question is: What can this seasoned nuclear option bring to the table?

From Water to Salt:

In the late 1940s, American Naval researchers started looking for ways to put nuclear power plants into air craft carriers and submarines. The answer? Pressurized water reactors that used high pressure – on the order of 160 atmospheres – to keep hot water in liquid form even at 330 degrees Celsius.

The benefit? Lots of hot steam for electricity and propulsion. Downsides? The reactor was heavy, hard to maintain, and if something went wrong, radioactive components came blasting out with 160 atmospheres of force. In submarine jargon, that equates to “we’re all going to die.”

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory meanwhile, went looking for a lighter, less strip-the-flesh-from-your-bones way of getting nuclear reactors into airplanes – and they came up with the molten salt reactor (MSR).

Here’s how it works: Molten salts of uranium or thorium are mixed with water and undergo a continuous nuclear reaction, but without high pressure. If breached, there’s no sudden explosion and no risk of meltdown since the fuel medium is already liquid.

In addition, MSRs produce far less waste material than water-powered plants when decommissioned, and over 80 percent of MSR waste is short-lived. Despite their benefits, salt-based options lost out to other technologies in the early 1970s.

The Great White North:

Just as fashion trends re-emerge after a few decades of dormancy, so it is with nuclear power generation.

Power company Terrestrial Energy has plans to build prototype, low-enriched uranium MSR reactors in Canada over the next few years. The company is tweaking standard design by eliminating graphite as a high-temperature moderator and instead using a sealed reactor space with room for two modules: one in use and one cooling off.

Each unit will last seven years and used reactors will provide recyclable materials. Canadian performance-based licensing means the company should be able to achieve government approval in just a few years and then transition to U.S. applications.

Stay Salty:

The bottom line: In combination with solar, wind and natural gas power sources, MSRs makes more sense than highly pressurized and radioactive water.

Sure, consistent power plant maintenance is crucial to avoid the spectre of nuclear contamination but using a more familiar medium like salt cuts down on public superstition – no need to toss this one over your shoulder.

(Hi) - EPA, U.S. to Cut Carbon Pollution from Existing Power Plants!.

(Hi) - EPA, U.S. to Cut Carbon Pollution from Existing Power Plants!.

The Clean Power Plan is a proposal to ensure a healthier environment, spur innovation and strengthen the economy.

After a major outreach effort, the EPA is releasing the Clean Power Plan proposal to cut carbon pollution from existing power plants, the single largest source of carbon pollution in the United States.

The proposal will protect public health, move the United States toward a cleaner environment and fight climate change while supplying Americans with reliable and affordable power.

"Climate change, fueled by carbon pollution, supercharges risks to our health, our economy, and our way of life. EPA is delivering on a vital piece of the Climate Action Plan by proposing a Clean Power Plan that will cut harmful carbon pollution from our largest source--power plants," said EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy. 

"By leveraging cleaner energy sources and cutting energy waste, this plan will clean the air we breathe while helping slow climate change so we can leave a safe and healthy future for our kids. We don't have to choose between a healthy economy and a healthy environment--our action will sharpen America’s competitive edge, spur innovation and create jobs."

Power plants account for roughly one-third of all domestic greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. 

While there are limits in place for the level of arsenic, mercury, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particle pollution that power plants can emit, there are currently no national limits on carbon pollution levels.

With the Clean Power Plan, EPA is proposing guidelines that build on trends already underway in states and the power sector to cut carbon pollution from existing power plants, making them more efficient and less polluting. 

This proposal follows through on the common-sense steps laid out in the Climate Action Plan and the June 2013 Presidential Memorandum.

By 2030, the steady and responsible steps EPA is taking will:

• Cut carbon emission from the power sector by 30 percent nationwide below 2005 levels, which is equal to the emissions from powering more than half the homes in the United States for one year.

• Cut particle pollution, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide by more than 25 percent as a co-benefit.

• Avoid up to 6,600 premature deaths, up to 150,000 asthma attacks in children and up to 490,000 missed work or school days—providing up to $93 billion in climate and public health benefits.

• Shrink electricity bills roughly 8 percent by increasing energy efficiency and reducing demand in the electricity system.

The Clean Power Plan will be implemented through a state-federal partnership under which states identify a path forward using either current or new electricity production and pollution control policies to meet the goals of the proposed program. 

The proposal provides guidelines for states to develop plans to meet state-specific goals to reduce carbon pollution and gives them the flexibility to design a program that makes the most sense for their unique situation. 

States can choose the right mix of generation using diverse fuels, energy efficiency and demand-side management to meet the goals and their own needs. It allows them to work alone to develop individual plans or to work together with other states to develop multi-state plans.

Also included in the proposal is a flexible timeline for states to follow for submitting plans to the agency—with plans due in June 2016, with the option to use a two-step process for submitting final plans if more time is needed. States that have already invested in energy efficiency programs will be able to build on these programs during the compliance period to help make progress toward meeting their goal.

Since last summer, EPA has directly engaged with state, tribal and local governments, industry and labor leaders, nonprofits and others. 

The data, information and feedback provided during this effort helped guide the development of the proposal and further confirmed that states have been leading the way for years in saving families and businesses money through improving efficiency, while cleaning up pollution from power plants. To date, 47 states have utilities that run demand-side energy efficiency programs, 38 have renewable portfolio standards or goals, and 10 have market-based greenhouse gas emissions programs. 

Together, the agency believes that these programs represent a proven, common-sense approach to cutting carbon pollution—one in which electricity is generated and used as efficiently as possible and which promotes a greater reliance on lower-carbon power sources.

The announcement marks the beginning of the second phase of the agency’s outreach efforts. 

EPA will accept comment on the proposal for 120 days after publication in the Federal Register and will hold four public hearings on the proposed Clean Power Plan during the week of July 28 in the following cities:

Denver, Atlanta, Washington, D.C. and Pittsburgh. Based on this input, EPA will finalize standards next June following the schedule laid out in the June 2013 Presidential Memorandum.

Fact sheets and details about the proposed 

rule available by clicking the following link 

here or the images above. 

For More information on President Obama’s Climate Action Plan Click The Following Link Here To Visit The White House Official Webpage For Climate Change & View Videos Below. 

Related Event!. 

Hi Magnitude News! Siemens to Deliver the World's Largest Subsea Pipeline Heating Power System.!

Hi Magnitude News! Siemens to Deliver the World's Largest Subsea Pipeline Heating Power System.!

Siemens Energy has received an order to deliver customized direct electrical heating (DEH) power supply systems for ten subsea flow lines, with an option for two additional systems. 

Customer is BP Exploration Limited and all the systems are to be deployed on BP-operated Shah Deniz gas field in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea. 

Delivery of the equipment is scheduled for end of 2015. 

Siemens scope of supply for the Shah Deniz Stage 2 development project includes the delivery of customized topside DEH power supply systems to be used on ten subsea flow lines to prevent hydrate formation during planned and unplanned process shutdown. 

Deepwater natural gas reservoirs and low temperatures induce hydrate formation, which can cause flow assurance challenges such as flow line blockage or reduced capacity. 

The DEH power systems from Siemens will contribute to a consistent flow of hydrocarbons despite challenging fluid characteristics and temperature conditions at the seabed. The respective modules of the systems contain power components as well as a unique control and protection system for the topside equipment and subsea DEH cables. 

They will provide power for the heating of pipelines when required by the operations and will be installed on the platform deck. 

The order includes full-load testing of the containerized systems that simulates real-life conditions to verify the integrity and full functionality of the system before shipment to Azerbaijan. This is key in order to ensure the reliability and availability required for this type of critical equipment. 

"Siemens is an established supplier of DEH systems and Subsea Solutions. With this contract award in the prolific Shah Deniz field, we will strengthen our position in the growing market for direct electrical heating," said Mario Azar, CEO of the Siemens Energy Sector's Oil and Gas Solutions Business Unit.

Hi KUWAIT'S TOP 10 PROJECTS!.

Hi KUWAIT'S TOP 10 PROJECTS!.

Rank:  1.

Project Name:  Subiya Causeway.

Sector: Transport.

Contract value ($m): 2,600.

Rank:  2.




Project Name:  Al Zour IWPP: Phase 1


.







Sector: Power.




Contract value ($m): 2,000.









Rank:  3.

Project Name:  

Oil and Gas Pipelines from Mina Al Ahmadi Refinery to Kuwait Power Plants



.



Sector: Gas.

Contract value ($m): 1,802.






Rank:  4.








Project Name:  

Jurassic Non Associated Gas Reserves Expansion: Phase 2


.












Sector: Gas.










Contract value ($m): 1,556.
























Rank:  5.

Project Name:  


Al Zour South Power Plant Upgrade






.





Sector: Power.

Contract value ($m): 1,200.







Rank:  6.













Project Name:  


Bubiyan Seaport Project: Phase 1: Package 2





.
















Sector: Transport.













Contract value ($m): 1,162.
































Rank:  7.

Project Name:  



Jaber Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Hospital









.







Sector: Healthcare.

Contract value ($m): 1,000.












Rank:  8.



















Project Name: 



Al-Jahra Road Upgrade








.






















Sector: Transport.















Contract value ($m): 965.






























Rank:  9.

Project Name:  



Booster Station 171








.







Sector: Gas.

Contract value ($m): 900.



























































Rank:  10.








































Project Name:  




Mina Al Ahmadi Refinery: Gas Fractionation Train 4









.










Sector: Gas.




Contract value ($m): 886.








Hi Event 'Kuwait City' 2014





The Big 5 Kuwait 2013 attracted 5,609 serious buyers of construction products from the Kuwait market. 



Architects, Consultants, Engineers,Contractors and Developers attended The Big 5 
Kuwait to service the $116bn building and infrastructure projects underway and 
planned over the next five years.





Kuwait has the highest upward potential of any market in the GCC, with more than 
double the value of contracts planned to be awarded in the next five years compared 
with the previous half-decade. 


Currently, there are some $116bn worth of projects planned or un-awarded in the State.




















2013 Post Show Report!






Find out about last year's show including top line figures, visitor breakdown by country, job function and more..


Click Here Or The Image Above To Download The 2013 Post Show Report.

Click Here To Download Or View & Save Sales Brochure Below;